It is important to note that one is free to redefine the near-horizon limit parameter as
for
any
. This transformation scales
inversely proportionally to
. Therefore, the near-horizon
geometry admits the enhanced symmetry generator
For some supersymmetric theories, the values are generically completely fixed by the
electric (
) and magnetic (
) charges of the black hole and do not depend continuously on the
asymptotic value of the scalar fields in the asymptotic region – the scalar moduli. This is the attractor
mechanism [141, 250, 140]. It was then realized that it still applies in the presence of certain
higher-derivative corrections [199, 200, 198]. The attractor mechanism was also extended to
non-supersymmetric extremal static black holes [139, 240
, 150, 179]. As a consequence of this mechanism,
the entropy of these extremal black hole does not depend continuously on any moduli of the
theory.7
The index that captures the entropy can still have discrete jumps when crossing walls of marginal stability
in the scalar moduli space [227
, 118
]. This allows one to account for their black-hole entropy by varying the
moduli to a weakly-coupled description of the system without gravity, where states with fixed conserved
charges can be counted. Therefore, the attractor mechanism led to an explanation [18, 111] of the success
of previous string theory calculations of the entropy of certain nonsupersymmetric extremal black
holes [181, 172, 110, 260, 131, 132
].
As will turn out to be useful in the development of the Reissner–Nordström correspondence, let us
discuss the near-horizon geometry (21) under the assumption that one gauge field
can be lifted as a
Kaluza–Klein vector to a higher-dimensional spacetime, as discussed in Section 1.2. In the simple
model (2
), the change of gauge
is implemented as the change of coordinates
.
Using the definition of the electrostatic potential
(10
) at extremality, it is straightforward to obtain
that in the geometry (2
) the horizon is generated by the vector field
. The change of
coordinates (17
) combined with
with
defined in (19
) then maps this vector to
http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2012-11 |
Living Rev. Relativity 15, (2012), 11
![]() This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. E-mail us: |