List of nontrivial changes made to the manuscript ------------------------------------------------- (I1) Rewrote portions of the Introduction. (Abs-1) Made slight modifications to the Abstract. (0-1) Made slight modifications to the discussion of p-adic units in Section 0, ``Numbers''. (1-1) Made slight modifications to the final portion of Definition 1.1, (i), and Proposition 1.2, (iv). (1-2) Added one explanatory sentence to the first paragraph of the proof of Theorem 1.7. (2-1) Made slight modifications to certain notation and terminology used in Definition 2.1, (ii), (iii), (iv). (2-2) Rewrote portions of the proof of Proposition 2.2. (2-3) Made slight modifications to the proof of Proposition 2.3, (i). (2-4) Made slight modifications to the statement and proof of Theorem 2.6. (2-5) Made slight modifications to Remark 2.8.1. (2-6) Made slight modifications to the statement and proof of Theorem 2.11, (iii), (iv). (2-7) Made slight modifications to the statement and proof of Corollary 2.12. (2-8) Made slight modifications to Example 2.13. (2-9) Made slight modifications to the proof of Theorem 2.14, (ii). (3-1) Made slight modification to the final portion of Definition 3.1, (iv). (3-2) Made slight modifications to the proof of Proposition 3.4. (3-3) Made slight modifications to the proof of Theorem 3.5. (3-4) Made slight modifications to Definition 3.6, (iii). (3-5) Made slight modifications to the statement and first paragraph of the proof of Corollary 3.9. (4-1) Made slight modifications to Definition 4.2, (ii), (iii), (iv). (4-2) Rewrote Remark 4.2.2. (4-3) Rewrote the statement and proof of Proposition 4.3. (4-4) Made slight modifications to Example 4.4. (4-5) Made slight modifications to the statement and proof of Corollary 4.5. (4-6) Made slight modifications to the statement and proof of Theorem 4.7. (4-7) Made slight modifications to Example 4.9. (4-8) Made slight modifications to the statement of Proposition 4.10. (4-9) Made slight modifications to Definition 4.11, (i). (4-10) Made slight modifications to the statement of Theorem 4.12, (i). (A1) Made slight modifications to (II), (III) at the beginning of the Appendix. (A2) Added some explanatory phrases to the proof of Proposition A.3. (A3) Corrected a typographical error (that amounts to switching ``Y'' and ``Z'') in the final sentence of Example A.7. (A4) Added some explanatory phrases to the proof of Proposition A.8. (A5) Made slight modifications to the statement of Lemma A.10. (A6) Rewrote portions of the proof of Corollary A.11, (ii), so as to repair a minor error. (A7) Made slight modifications to Remark A.11.2. (B1) Updated and made slight modifications to the Bibliography.