List of Footnotes

1		Dirac’s original expression actually involved the rate of change of the acceleration vector on the right-hand side. The resulting equation gives rise to the well-known problem of runaway solutions. To avoid such unphysical behaviour I have submitted Dirac’s equation to a reduction-of-order procedure whereby $daν∕dτ$ is replaced with $m −1dfνext∕dτ$ . This procedure is explained and justified, for example, in [47 , 26 ].
2		His analysis was restricted to a minimally-coupled scalar field, so that $ξ = 0$ in his expressions. The extension to an arbitrary coupling constant was carried out by myself for this review.
3		Note that I use sans-serif symbols for the frame indices. This is to distinguish them from another set of frame indices that will appear below. The frame indices introduced here run from 0 to 3; those to be introduced later will run from 1 to 3.